^#Pursuant to an exclusive contractual arrangement providing for a majority share in the economic interests and control of voting power in the Project-I of VA Tech Wabag and Roots Contracting L.L.C, Qatar, the investment was classified as a subsidiary at inception. During the year ended 31 March 2016 and 31 March 2020 for Project-II and Project-III respectively, a similar arrangement providing for majority rights in the new projects to the other investor was agreed and hence the investment in the legal entity has been accordingly reclassified as an associate based on economic interests in the projects respectively as against the ownership in the entity.

### Pursuant to an exclusive contractual arrangement providing for a share of 100% of the economic interests in the entity, Wabag Belhasa JV WLL,(Bahrain) has been assessed and determined that the Company has power over the entity exposure, or rights, to variable returns and the ability to use its power to affect the amount of returns of the Wabag Belhasa JV WLL,(Bahrain). Accordingly the investment has been classified as a subsidiary

The Company had entered into a joint venture with Pratibha Industries Limited in Nepal to execute a project. Considering the fact that the Company has control over the governing body and thereby has power over the entity, has rights to variable returns from its involvement with the entity and has the ability to use its power over the entity to affect the amount of its returns, the same has been treated as a subsidiary in the consolidated financial statements.

The term loans availed in the Special Purpose Vehicles (‘SPVs’), namely Ganga STP Project Private Limited, DK Sewage Project Private Limited, and Ghaziabad Water Solutions Private Limited, for projects being implemented under the Design, Build, Finance, Operate, and Transfer (‘DBFOT’) model are secured by way of a charge over the assets, securities of the respective SPVs (investments in securities held by the Company in these SPVs), in accordance with the provisions set out in the relevant financing agreements.

Trade receivables include dues from related parties amounting to H 1,333 Millions (31 March 2024: H 1,144 Millions)The carrying amount of the current trade receivable and customer retention is considered a reasonable approximation of fair value as is expected to be collected within twelve months, such that the effect of any difference between the effective interest rate applied and the estimated current market rate is not significant.

There are no receivables due from directors or other officers of the Company

All of the Company’s trade receivables and customer retention have been reviewed for indicators of impairment. Certain trade receivables were found to be impaired and an allowance for credit losses of H (457 Millions) (2023-24: H 98 Millions) has been (utilised)/created respectively within other expenses. The Company has provided for expected credit loss on its trade receivables using a provisioning matrix and specific provisioning, where appropriate, representing expected credit losses based on a range of outcomes.

Non-current bank balances represents interest bearing deposits with bank with more than 12 months maturity and held as margin money or security against the borrowings, guarantees and other commitments.

There are no other financial assets due from directors or other officers of the Company. The carrying amount of the other financial assets are considered as a reasonable approximation of fair value.

Refer note 39 for description of the Company's financial instrument risks, including risk management objectives and policies.

In assessing the recoverability of deferred tax assets, the management of the Company considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which the temporary differences become deductible. The amount of the deferred tax assets considered realizable, however, could be reduced in the near term if estimates of future taxable income during the carry forward period are reduced.

All deferred tax assets have been recognized in the balance sheet.

d) Terms/right attached to equity shares

The Company has issued only one class of equity shares having a face value of H 2 per share. Each holder of equity shares is entitled to one vote per share. The Company declares and pays dividends in Indian Rupees. In the Board meeting held on 21 May 2025, the dividend proposed by the Board of Directors at H 4 per equity share is subject to the approval of the shareholders in the ensuing Annual General Meeting. This amount has not been recorded as a liability for the year ended 31 March 2025. In the event of liquidation, the holders of equity shares will be entitled to receive remaining assets of the Company, after distribution of all preferential amounts, if any. The distribution will be in proportion to the number of equity shares held by the shareholders.

f) Buy back of shares

There were no buy back of shares and no shares issued pursuant to contract without payment being received in cash during the last 5 years immediately preceding 31 March 2025.

g) Capital management

The Company’s capital management objectives are:

- to safeguard the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern, and continue to provide optimum returns to the shareholders and all other stakeholders by building a strong capital base.

- to maintain an optimum capital structure to reduce the cost of capital

In order to maintain or adjust the capital structure, the Company may adjust the amount of dividends paid to shareholders, return capital to shareholders, issue new shares, or sell assets to reduce debt.

For the purpose of the Company’s capital management, capital includes issued equity capital and all other equity reserves attributable to the equity holders plus its borrowings, if any less cash and bank balances.

A provision is recognized for expected warranty claims on construction contracts completed, based on past experience of level of repairs and returns. It is expected that these costs would be predominantly incurred within one year from the balance sheet date, which generally coincides with the completion of warranty period of the contracts. The assumption used to calculate the provision for warranties are based on the Company’s current status of contracts under execution and information available about expenditure estimated to be incurred based on the Company’s warranty period for contracts completed.

The Company provides for liquidated damages when it reasonably expects that a delay in the completion of the project or a shortfall in the performance parameters might give rise to a claim from the customer. In the event of failure to complete a project as scheduled, or in case of a performance shortfall, the Company may generally be held liable for penalties in the form of agreed liquidated damages. Liquidated damages are generally measured and recognized in accordance with the terms of the contracts with customers.

The Company provides for foreseeable losses on contracts when it is probable that total contract cost, including expected cost to complete, will exceed the economic benefits expected to be received under it.

d) Provision for employee benefits

i) Gratuity

In accordance with applicable Indian laws, the Company provides for gratuity, a defined benefit retirement plan (“the Gratuity Plan”) covering eligible employees. The Gratuity plan provides for a lump sum payment to vested employees on retirement (subject to completion of five years of continuous employment), death, incapacitation or termination of employment that are based on last drawn salary and tenure of employment. Liabilities with regard to the Gratuity plan are determined by actuarial valuation on the reporting date and the Company makes annual contribution to the gratuity fund maintained with an insurance company

The following tables summarise the components of net benefit expenses recognised in the statement of profit and loss and the funded status and amounts recognised in the balance sheet for the Gratuity.

The significant actuarial assumptions for the determination of the defined benefit obligation are the attrition rate, discount rate and the long-term rate of compensation increase. The calculation of the net defined benefit liability is sensitive to these assumptions. The following table summarises the effects of changes in these actuarial assumptions on the defined benefit liability:

(ii) Compensated absences

The Company permits encashment of compensated absences accumulated by its employees on retirement, separation and during the course of service. The liability in respect of the Company, for outstanding balance of privilege leave at the balance sheet date is determined and provided on the basis of actuarial valuation performed by an independent actuary. The Company does not maintain any plan assets to fund its obligation towards compensated absences. The total Compensated absences recognized in the statement of profit and loss for the year is H 36 Millions (2023-24 : H 37 Millions).

The carrying amount of borrowings is considered to be a reasonable approximation of fair value.

a) Terms, repayment and guarantee details of borrowings

i) The Company has availed packing credit facilities in US dollars (USD) and Euro (EUR) at an interest rate of 3.21% p.a to 6.99% p.a (31 March 2024: 6.66% p.a to 8.00% p.a) . These packing credits are repayable within 180 days, as applicable, from the date of availment and are secured against foreign currency receivables. The Company has availed EUR-denominated packing credit facilities for the first time during the current financial year.

ii) The Company has availed cash credit facilities from banks at an interest rate of 9.65% p.a to 10.05% p.a (31 March 2024: 8.25% p.a to 9.65% p.a) and are secured against receivables of the Company.

iii) The Company has availed working capital demand loan at an interest rate of 8.55% p.a to 8.85% p.a (31 March 2024 : 8.25% p.a to 9.55% p.a) and is repayable within 180 days from the date of availment and are secured against receivables of the Company.

iv) During the Previous year the Company issued debentures to an international organisation established under a Charter, which is secured by first pari-passu charge on the entire current assets of the Company except MRPL Project and BUIDCO Bhagalpur Project at an interest of 8.54% p.a and repayable by 18 quarterly instalments from August 2024 and during the current year the interest rate has been repriced to 7.695% p.a due to modification of interest terms .

Investments excludes equity and other instruments in subsidiaries and associates amounting to H 1,410 Millions (previous year H 1,300 Millions ) which are measured at cost.

The carrying value of financial assets and financial liabilities approximates the fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities as at 31 March 2025 and 31 March 2024.

Also refer note 38 fair value measurement

c) Based on Timing of revenue recognition

Revenues from construction contracts and operation & maintenance contracts are recognised on 'Over a point in time' basis and 'At a point in time' basis respectively.

d) Based on Geography

Revenue from operations can be disaggregated based on geography into 'India' and 'Rest of the World'.

B Transaction price allocated to the remaining sales contracts (Order backlog)

Revenues expected to be recognised in the future related to performance obligations that are unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied as at 31 March 2025 amounting to H 110,366 Millions (31 March 2024 : H 84,111 Millions)

Construction contracts are progressively executed over a period of upto 3.5 years and based on specific project schedules. Operation and maintenance contracts are expected to be executed over a period of 1 to 20 years, primarily invoiced on a monthly basis.

38. Fair value measurement

Fair value measurement hierarchy

The Company records certain financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value on a recurring basis. The Company determines fair values based on the price it would receive to sell an asset or pay to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date and in the principal or most advantageous market for that asset or liability.

The Company holds certain fixed income investments and other financial assets such as employee advances, deposits etc. which must be measured using the fair value hierarchy and related valuation methodologies. The guidance specifies a hierarchy of valuation techniques based on whether the inputs to each measurement are observable or unobservable. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s assumptions about current market conditions. The fair value hierarchy also requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value.

Financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value in the balance sheet are grouped into three Levels of fair value hierarchy. These levels are based on the observability of significant inputs to the measurement, as follows:

> Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities

> Level 2: Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (i.e prices) or indirectly (i.e derived from prices)

> Level 3: Inputs for assets or liabilities that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs)

The following table shows the Levels within the hierarchy of financial and non-financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis at 31 March 2025, 31 March 2024:

iii) Liabilities measured at amortised cost:

a) Interest-bearing loans and borrowings:

The Company ensures a balanced portfolio of fixed and floating rate loans and borrowings. The Company's borrowings as at 31 March 2025 of H 1,519 Millions (31 March 2024 H 663 Millions )and of H 816 Millions (31 March 2024 H 979 Millions) are on fixed rate and floating rate basis of interest respectively .

The fair values of the Company’s interest-bearing borrowings and loans are determined under amortised cost method using discount rate that reflects the issuer’s borrowing rate as at the end of the reporting period. These rates are considered to reflect the market rate of interest and hence the carrying value are considered to be at fair value.

39. Nature and extent of risks arising from financial instruments and respective financial risk management objectives and policies

The Company’s principal financial liabilities comprise of borrowings, trade and other payables, and financial guarantee contracts. The main purpose of these financial liabilities is to finance the Company’s operations and to provide guarantees to support its and group companies operations. The Company’s principal financial assets include investments, trade and other receivables, cash and short-term deposits that are created directly from its operations.

The Company is exposed to market risk, credit risk and liquidity risk. The Company’s management oversees the management of these risks. The Company’s management is supported by the Group Treasury Team that advises on financial risks and the appropriate financial risk governance framework in accordance with the Company’s policies and risk objectives. It is the Company’s policy that no trading in derivatives for speculative purposes may be undertaken. The Board of Directors review and agree on policies for managing each of these risks, which are summarised below.

a) Market risk

The Company is exposed to market risk through its use of financial instruments and specifically to currency risk, interest rate risk and certain other price risks, which result from both its operating and investing activities.

i. Interest rate risk

Interest rate risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in market interest rates. The Company’s exposure to the risk of changes in market interest rates relates primarily to the Company's debt obligations with floating interest rates.

Interest rate sensitivity

The following table illustrates the sensitivity of profit and equity to a reasonably possible change in interest rates of /- 1% for the year ended 31 March 2025 (31 March 2024: /- 1%). These changes are considered to be reasonably possible based on observation of current market conditions. Sensitivity calculations are based on a annualized interest cost on the borrowings at floating rate as of the reporting dates 31 March 2025 and 31 March 2024 . All other variables are held constant.

ii. Foreign currency risk

Most of the Company’s transactions are carried out in Indian rupees. Exposures to currency exchange rates arise from the Company’s overseas sales and purchases, which are primarily denominated in US dollars (USD) and Euro (EUR).

To mitigate the Company’s exposure to foreign currency risk, cash flows are monitored and forward exchange contracts are entered into in accordance with the Company’s risk management policies. Where the amounts to be paid and received in a specific currency are expected to largely offset one another, no further hedging activity is undertaken.

For the purpose of this disclosure, currency risk does not arise from financial instruments that are non-monetary items or from financial instruments denominated in the functional currency.

The following table illustrates the sensitivity of profit and equity in regards to the Company’s financial assets and financial liabilities and the USD/H exchange rate and EUR/H exchange rate 'all other things being equal’. It assumes a /- 1% change of the H/USD and H/EUR exchange rate for the year ended 31 March 2025 (31 March 2024: 1%).

If the H had strengthened against the USD by 1% during the year ended 31 March 2025 (31 March 2024: 1%), and EUR by 1% during the year ended 31 March 2025 (31 March 2024: 1%) respectively then this would have had the following impact on profit before tax and equity before tax:

If the H had weakened against the USD by 1% during the year ended 31 March 2025 (31 March 2024: 1% ) and EUR by 1% during the year ended 31 March 2025 (31 March 2024: 1% ) respectively, there would be an equal but opposite effect on the above currencies to the amount shown above, on the basis that all other variables remain constant.

b) Credit risk

Credit risk is the risk that a counterparty fails to discharge an obligation to the Company. The Company is exposed to this risk for various financial instruments, for example trade receivables, deposits etc. The Company’s maximum exposure to credit risk is limited to the carrying amount of financial assets recognised at 31 March, as summarised below:

The Company continuously monitors defaults of customers and other counterparties, identified either individually or by the Company, and incorporates this information into its credit risk controls. The Company’s policy is to transact only with counterparties who are highly creditworthy which are assessed based on internal due diligence parameters.

In respect of trade receivables, the Company is not exposed to any significant credit risk exposure to any single counterparty or any group of counterparties . Customer credit risk is managed based on the Company’s established policy, procedures and control relating to customer credit risk management, pursuant to which outstanding customer receivables are regularly monitored by the management, to ensure the risk of credit loss is minimal. Credit quality of a customer is assessed based on historical information in relation to pattern of collections, defaults and credit worthiness of the customer As at 31 March 2025, the Company had 22 (Previous year 2023-24 : 19) customers that owed the Company more than H 300 Millions each and accounted for approximately 91% (Previous year 2023-24: 90%) of all the receivables outstanding. As at 31 March 2025, the Company has certain trade receivables that have not been settled by the contractual due date but are not considered to be impaired .(Also refer note 6)

The credit risk for cash and cash equivalents, balance with banks are considered negligible, since the counterparties are reputable banks with high quality external credit ratings.

Other financial assets mainly comprises of tender deposits and security deposits which are given to customers or other governmental agencies in relation to contracts executed and are assessed by the Company for credit risk on a continuous basis. The credit risk on these balances are estimated to be low as at 31 March 2025.

c) Liquidity risk

Liquidity risk is that the Company might be unable to meet its obligations. The Company manages its liquidity needs by monitoring scheduled debt servicing payments for long-term financial liabilities as well as forecast cash inflows and outflows due in day-to-day business. The data used for analysing these cash flows is consistent with that used in the contractual maturity analysis below. Liquidity needs are monitored in various time bands, on a day-to-day and week-to-week basis, as well as on a monthly, quarterly, and yearly basis depending on the business needs. Net cash requirements are compared to available borrowing facilities in order to determine headroom or any shortfalls. This analysis shows that available borrowing facilities are expected to be sufficient over the lookout period.

The Company's objective is to maintain cash and marketable securities to meet its liquidity requirements for 30-day periods at a minimum. This objective was met for the reporting periods. Funding for long-term liquidity needs is additionally secured by an adequate amount of committed credit facilities.

The Company considers expected cash flows from financial assets in assessing and managing liquidity risk, in particular its cash resources and trade receivables. The Company’s existing cash resources and trade receivables significantly exceed the current cash outflow requirements. Cash flows from trade receivables are all contractually due within six months except for retention and long term trade receivables which are governed by the relevant contract conditions.

The Company’s objective is to maintain a balance between continuity of funding and flexibility through the use of bank overdrafts, and shortterm borrowings. The Company assessed the concentration of risk with respect to refinancing its debt and concluded it to be low. The Company has access to a sufficient variety of sources of funding and debt maturing within 12 months can be rolled over with existing lenders.

The table below analyses non-derivative financial liabilities of the Company into relevant maturity groupings based on the remaining period from the reporting date to the contractual maturity date. The amounts disclosed in the table are contractual undiscounted cash flows including interest as at 31 March 2025 and 31 March 2024.

All investments are non current in nature and invested in group companies , hence return on investment ratio is not computed.

44. No funds have been advanced or loaned or invested (either from borrowed funds or share premium or any other sources or kind of funds) by the Company to or in any other person(s) or entity(ies), including foreign entities (“Intermediaries”) with the understanding, whether recorded in writing or otherwise, that the Intermediary shall lend or invest in party identified by or on behalf of the Company (Ultimate Beneficiaries). The Company has not received any fund from any party(s) (Funding Party) with the understanding that the Company shall whether, directly or indirectly lend or invest in other persons or entities identified by or on behalf of the Company (“Ultimate Beneficiaries”) or provide any guarantee, security or the like on behalf of the Ultimate Beneficiaries.(Previous Year : Nil)

45. Additional disclosures under Schedule III Division II of the Companies Act

a. No proceedings have been initiated on or are pending against the Company for holding benami property under the Benami Transactions (Prohibition) Act, 1988 (45 of 1988) and Rules made thereunder, as at the end of the year.

b The Company has not been declared as a wilful defaulter by any bank or financial institution or government or any government authority

c. As per the information available with the Company, the Company has not entred into any transactions with the companies struck off

under section 248 of the Companies Act, 2013 or section 560 of Companies Act, 1956 (Previous Year Nil)

d. There has been no charges or satisfaction yet to be registered with Registrar of Companies beyond the statutory period as at the end of the year.

e. The Company has not traded or invested in Crypto currency or Virtual currency during the financial year ended 31 March 2025. (Previous Year Nil)

f. The Company is using IFS ERP (accounting software) for maintaining books of accounts. Audit trail was operational throughout the year and audit trial backup has been preserved as required under Act .

46. Figures for the previous year have been regrouped / re-classified to conform to the figures of the current year. Values less than H 0.5 Million disclosed as zero .