b) Terms / rights attached to equity shares

The company has one class of equity shares having par value of Rs. 10/- per share per share. Each holder of equity shares is entitled to one vote per share.

In the event of liquidation of the company, the holders of equity shares will be entitled to receive remaining assets of the company, after distribution of all preferential amounts. The distribution will be in proportion to the number of equity shares held by the shareholders.

Note 27 : Commitments and Contingencies i) Contingent liabilities

'The company's pending litigations comprise of claims against the Company primarily by the commuters and regulators except to the mentioned in below Note 1 . The company has reviewed all its pending litigations and proceedings and has adequately provided for where provisions are required. The Company has not provided for or disclosed contingent liabilities for matters considered as remote for pending litigations/public litigations(PIL)/ claims wherein the management is confident, based on the internal legal assessment and advice of its lawyers that these litigations would not result into any liabilities. The Company does not expect the outcome of these proceedings to have a material adverse effect on the financial statements.

Note 1 :-

A writ petition filed in year 2012 before hon'ble court M.P. Bench at Indore against Madhya Pradesh Adyogik Kendra Vikas Nigam (Indore) Limited, (MPAKVN Ltd) Indore and other parties with respect to vacant land admeasuring 94462 Sq. Mts. Situated at Kheda Industrial Area, Pithampur (M.P.)

Note 28 : Details of dues to micro and small enterprises as per MSMED Act, 2006

There are no Micro and Small Enterprises as defined in the Micro and Small Enterprises Development Act, 2006 to whom the Company owes dues on account of principal amount together with interest and accordingly no additional disclosures have been made. The above information regarding Micro and Small Enterprises has been determined to the extent such parties has been identified on the basis of information available with the Company.

The company uses the following hierarchy for determining and/or disclosing the fair value of financial instruments by valuation techniques:

Level 1: Fair value measurement are those derived from quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets and liabilities.

Level 2: Fair value measurements are those derived from inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices) Level 3: Fair value measurements are those derived from valuation techniques that include inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs)

There were no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 during the year. No financial assets/ liabilities that are measured at fair value were Level 3 fair value measured.

Note 30 : Financial risk management objectives and policies

The Company’s risk management policies are established to identify and analyse the risks faced by the Company, to set appropriate risk limits and controls, and to monitor risks and adherence to limits. Risk management policies and systems are reviewed regularly to reflect changes in market conditions and the Company’s activities.

The Board of Directors has overall responsibility for the establishment and oversight of the Company’s risk management framework.

In performing its operating, investing and financing activities, the Company is exposed to the Market risk, Liquidity risk.

(a) Market Risk

Market risk is the risk that the fair value of future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in market prices. Market risk comprises of: interest rate risk and commodity risk. Financial instruments affected by market risk include loans and borrowings, deposits, and derivative financial instruments.

(i) Interest Rate Risk

Interest rate risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in market interest rates. The Company’s exposure to the risk of changes in market interest rates relates primarily to the Company’s long-term debt obligations with floating interest rates.

The Company manages its interest rate risk by having a balanced portfolio of fixed and variable rate loans and borrowings.

(ii) Interest rate sensitivity

The following table demonstrates the sensitivity to a reasonably possible change in interest rates on that portion of loans and borrowings affected, after the impact of hedge accounting. With all other variables held constant, the Company's profit before tax is affected through the impact on floating rate borrowings, as follows:

(iii) 'Commodity Price Risk

The company purchases raw materials (sulphiric acid and iron waste) on ongoing basis which is required for manufacturing of Ferrous sulphate powder and company involves trading in pharmaceutical products. r

(iii) Credit Risk

Credit risk is the risk of financial loss to the Company if a customer or counterparty to a financial instrument fails to meet its contractual obligations and arises principally from the Company’s receivables from customer. The Company establishes an allowance for doubtful debts and impairment that represents its estimate on expected loss model .

(iii) (a) Trade and other receivables

The Company’s exposure to credit risk is influenced mainly by the individual characteristics of each customer. The demographics of the customer, including the default risk of the industry has an influence on credit risk assessment. Credit risk is managed through credit approvals, establishing credit limits and continuously monitoring the creditworthiness of customers to which the Company grants credit terms in the normal course of business.

Expected credit loss assessment

Exposures to customers outstanding at the end of each reporting period are reviewed by the Company to determine expected credit losses. Historical trends of impairment of trade receivables do not reflect any significant credit losses. Impaired amounts are based on lifetime expected losses based on the best estimate of the management. Further, management believes that the unimpaired amounts that are past due by more than 180 days are still collectible in full, based on historical payment behaviour and extensive analysis of customer credit risk. The impairment loss related to several customers that have defaulted on their payments to the Company and are not expected to be able to pay their outstanding balances, mainly due to economi c circumstances.

(iii) (b) Cash and cash equivalents

The Company holds cash and cash equivalents with credit worthy banks and financial institutions of Rs. 12.28 lakhs as at March 31, 2025, (Rs. 219.09 Lakhs as at 31st March 2024).The credit worthiness of such banks and financial institutions is evaluated by the management on an ongoing basis and is considered to be good.

(iii) (c ) Investments

The Company does not expect any losses from non-performance by these counter-parties apart from those already given in financials, and does not have any significant concentration of exposures to specific industry sectors or specific country risks.

(b) Liquidity risk

Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company may not be able to meet its present and future cash and collateral obligations without incurring unacceptable losses. The Company’s objective is to, at all times maintain optimum levels of liquidity to meet its cash and collateral requirements. The Company closely monitors its liquidity position and deploys a robust cash management system. It maintains adequate sources of financing including debt and overdraft from banks at an optimised cost.

'The Company's maximum exposure to credit risk for the components of the balance sheet at March 31, 2025 and March 31, 2024 is the carrying amounts as illustrated in Note 11, Note 12 and Note 13 The Company's maximum exposure relating to financial guarantees.

'At present, Company does expect to repay all liabilities at their contractual maturity. In order to meet such cash commitments, operating activity is expected to generate sufficient cash inflows.

Note 31 : Capital management

For the purpose of the Company's capital management, capital includes issued equity share capital and all other equity reserves attributable to the equity holders of the Company. The primary objective of the Company's capital management is to maximise the shareholder value.

The Company manages its capital so as to safeguard its ability to continue as a going concern and to optimise returns to shareholders. The capital structure of the Company is based on management's judgement of its strategic and day-to-day needs with a focus on total equity so as to maintain investor, creditors and market confidence. The Company monitors capital using a gearing ratio, which is net debt divided by total capital plus net debt is calculated as borrowing less cash and cash equivalent and other bank balances and mutual funds investments. „ „ 'In order to achieve this overall objective, the Company's capital management, amongst other things, aims to ensure that it meets financial covenants attached to the interest-bearing loans and borrowings that define capital structure requirements. Breaches in meeting the financial covenants would permit the bank to immediately call loans and borrowings. There have been no breaches in the financial covenants of any interest-bearing loans and borrowing in the current period.

'No changes were made in the objectives, policies or processes for managing capital during the year ended March 31, 2025 and March 31, 2024.

Note 32 : Significant accounting judgement, estimates and assumptions

'The preparation of the Company's financial statements requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenue, expenses, assets and liabilities, and the accompanying disclosures, and the disclosure of contingent liabilities. Uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in outcomes that require a material adjustment to the carrying amount of assets or liabilities affected in future periods.

Estimates and assumptions

'Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognized in the period in which the estimates are revised and future periods are affected.

'The key assumptions concerning the future and other key sources of estimation uncertainty at the reporting date, that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year, are described below. The Company based on its assumptions and estimates on parameters available when the financial statements were prepared.

Existing circumstances and assumptions about future developments, however, may change due to market changes or circumstances arising that are beyond the control of the Company. Such changes are reflected in the assumptions when they occur.

Taxes

'Tax expense comprises of current and deferred tax. Current income tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in accordance with the Income Tax Act, 1961. Deferred income taxes reflects the impact of timing differences between taxable income and accounting income originating during the current year and reversal of timing differences of earlier years.

'Deferred tax is measured based on the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date. Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset, if legally enforceable right exists to set-off current tax assets against current tax liabilities and the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities related to the taxes on income levied by same governing taxation laws. Deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent that there is reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realised. In situations where the Company has unabsorbed depreciation or carry forward tax losses, all deferred tax assets are recognized only if there is virtual certainty supported by convincing evidence that they can be realized against future taxable profits.

'At each balance sheet date the Company re-assesses unrecognised deferred tax assets. It recognises unrecognised deferred tax assets to the extent that it has become reasonably certain that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realised or virtually certain as the case may be.

'The carrying amount of deferred tax assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date. The Company writes-down the carrying amount of a deferred tax asset to the extent that it is no longer reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which deferred tax asset can be realised. Any such write-down is reversed to the extent that it becomes reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available.

'Minimum alternative tax (MAT) credit is recognised as an asset only when and to the extent there is convincing evidence that the Company will pay income tax higher than that computed under MAT, during the period that MAT is permitted to be set off under the Income Tax Act, 1961 (specified period). In the year, in which the MAT credit becomes eligible to be recognised as an asset in accordance with the recommendations contained in the guidance note issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI), the said asset is created by way of a credit to the Statement of profit and loss and shown as MAT credit entitlement. The Company reviews the same at each balance sheet date and writes down the carrying amount of MAT credit entitlement to the extent there is no longer convincing evidence to the effect that the Company will pay income tax higher than MAT during the specified period.

'There are many transactions and calculations undertaken during the ordinary course of business for which the ultimate tax determination is uncertain. Where the final tax outcome of these matters is different from the amounts initially recorded, such differences will impact the current and deferred tax provisions in the period in which the tax determination is made. The assessment of probability involves estimation of a number of factors including future taxable income.

Defined benefit plans (gratuity benefits)

'A liability in respect of defined benefit plans is recognised in the balance sheet, and is measured as the present value of the defined benefit obligation at the reporting date less the fair value of the plan’s assets. The present value of the defined benefit obligation is based on expected future payments which arise from the fund at the reporting date, calculated annually by independent actuaries. Consideration is given to expected future salary levels, experience of employee departures and periods of service.

'Further details about gratuity obligations are given in Note 33

(h) Defined Benefit Plan

The Company has an unfunded defined benefit gratuity plan. Every employee who has completed five years or more of service gets a gratuity on departure at 15 days salary (last drawn salary) for each completed year of service as per the provision of the Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972 with total ceiling on gratuity of Rs. 2,000,000/-

The following tables summaries the components of net benefit expense recognised in the statement of profit and loss and the funded status and amounts recognised in the balance sheet for the Gratuity plans.

The estimates of future salary increases, considered in actuarial valuation, take account of inflation, seniority, promotion and other relevant factors, such as supply and demand in the employment market. The overall expected rate of return on assets is determined based on the market prices prevailing on that date, applicable to the period over which the obligation is to be settled. There has been siginificant change in expected rate of return on assets due to change in the market scenario.

Note 34 ADDITIONAL REGULATORY INFORMATION:-

1 Title deeds of immovable properties not held in the name of Company. Details of all the immovable properties (other than properties where the Company is the leesee of and the lease agreements are duly executed in favour of the leesee) whose deeds are held in the name of the Company. NIL

2 Th ere are no investment in p roperties.

3 Th e Company has not revalued its Property,Plant and Equipment during the year.

4 The Company does not have intangible assets therefore question of revaluation of intangible assets does not aris e.

5 Th e Company has no Capital Work in Progress pending as at the end of the year.

6 The Company has not granted loans and advances to promoters, directors ,KMPs and rel ated Par ties.

7 No procedings have been initiated or pending against Company for holding any Benami Property under Prohibitions of Benami Transactions Act,1988(Earlier titled as Benami transactions (Prohibitions) Act,1988.

8 Th e company does not have borrowing from banks.

9 The Company is not declared a wilfull defaulter by any Bank or Financial Institution or any other lender

10 The Company has no transaction with Companies which are stuck off under section 248 of the Companies Act,2013 or under section 530 of Companies Act,1956.

11 No charges of satisfication are pending for registration with the Registrar of Companies (ROC).

12 The Company does not have any subsidiary. Thus, the Company is in compliance with the number of layers as prescribed under clause (87) of section 2 of the Companies Act, 2013 read with the Companies (Restriction on Number of Layers) Rules, 2017

13 During the year no Scheme of Arrangement has been formulated by the Company/pending with competent authority.

14 No funds have been advanced or loaned or invested (either from borrowed funds or share premium or any other sources or kind of funds) by the Company to or in any other person(s) or entity(ies), including foreign entities (“Intermediaries”) with the understanding, whether recorded in writing or otherwise, that the Intermediary shall lend or invest in party identified by or on behalf of the Company (Ultimate Beneficiaries). The Company has not received any fund from any party(s) (Funding Party) with the understanding that the Company shall whether, directly or indirectly lend or invest in other persons or entities identified by or on behalf of the Company (“Ultimate Beneficiaries”) or provide any guarantee, security or the like on behalf of the Ultimate Beneficiaries.

15 The Company does not have any transactions that are not recorded in the books of account but have been surrendered or disclosed as income during the year during the year in the tax assessments under the Income Tax Act, 1961.

16 Details of Crypto Currency or Virtual Currency

The Company has not traded or invested in Crypto Currency or Virtual Currency during the financial year